{"id":868,"date":"2020-10-30T17:16:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T14:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fethimurat.com\/blog\/?p=868"},"modified":"2020-12-08T18:12:33","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:12:33","slug":"api-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fethimurat.com\/blog\/api-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"API Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

API Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u0130\u015fletim sistemlerine duyulan ihtiya\u00e7lardan biri standart olarak her program taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015feyleri ortak bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamak ve programlar\u0131 sistemde belirli kurallar alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fletim sistemlerinin de\u011ferini anlamak i\u00e7in i\u015fletim sistemi olmayan bir bilgisayar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z programlar\u0131 diske kaydetme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var. \u0130\u015fletim sisteminiz yoksa programlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 diske yazacak ve okuyacak assembly kodlar\u0131 sizin yazman\u0131z gerekecektir. Ve her program diske yazma ve okuma kodlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulundurmak zorunda olacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca diske yazaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z program\u0131 diskin neresine yazacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Tabi ki herkes kendi program\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fa yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyecektir. Bu da diski payla\u015f\u0131m sorununu \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yaz\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in de problem vard\u0131r. Her yaz\u0131c\u0131 ayn\u0131 sistemle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in program\u0131n\u0131zda yazd\u0131rma i\u015flemleri de varsa belli ba\u015fl\u0131 yaz\u0131c\u0131 tipleri i\u00e7in gerekli kodlar\u0131 yazman\u0131z gerekecektir. Bu \u00f6rnekler \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte PC’ler ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda disk i\u015flemlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in DOS ta piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. DOS disk i\u015flemlerini yapmak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131m interruptlar\u0131n\u0131 programc\u0131lar\u0131n hizmetine sunmu\u015ftu. Diskle ilgili bir i\u015fleminiz i\u00e7in INT X’in Y numaral\u0131 servisini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yordunuz ve bu i\u015flemleri sizin yerinize DOS yap\u0131yordu. Sistemler geli\u015ftik\u00e7e bilgisayar de\u011fi\u015fik alanlara da hitap etmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik arabirimler de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. DOS’a grafik, yaz\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemleri gibi standart i\u015flemler de eklendi ve sistemde bulunan standart donan\u0131mlar\u0131n hemen hemen hepsine DOS veya BIOS interruptlar\u0131yla eri\u015febiliyordunuz. Ayr\u0131ca DOS programlar\u0131n belle\u011fi nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirliyordu. DOS i\u015fletim sistemi olarak kullan\u0131c\u0131ya herhangi bir standart arabirim sunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece programlar\u0131n sistemdeki standart donan\u0131mlara ula\u015fabilecekleri kodlar\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sunmu\u015ftur. DOS’ta yap\u0131lan programlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri bir birine benzemez. Her program kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemek zorundad\u0131r ve bunun i\u00e7in gerekli kodu kendisi yazmak zorundad\u0131r. DOS’ta yap\u0131lan programlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m ve programlanmas\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011fu da bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde buradan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DOS’un programlara standart bir arabirim sunmamas\u0131, bellek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gibi sebeplerden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015f olsada Windows \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Windows DOS’un sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 standart donan\u0131ma ula\u015fma haricinde Ses kartlar\u0131, Geli\u015fmi\u015f yaz\u0131c\u0131lar, Scanner’ler gibi donan\u0131mlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da programlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunar. Ayr\u0131ca programlara standart arabirimleri (Diyalog kutular\u0131, Formlar, Kontroller gibi) kullanma imkan\u0131 da sunmu\u015ftur. DOS kendi servislerini yaz\u0131l\u0131m interruptlar\u0131yla sunarken Windows API’lerle sunar.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. DOS’ta \u00e7ok program yapt\u0131m ama diske bir\u015fey yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in DOS’un interruptlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya hi\u00e7 ihtiya\u00e7 duymad\u0131m. Evet e\u011fer assembly program yazmad\u0131ysan\u0131z bunlara da ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z yoktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z programlama dili bu i\u015fi sizin yerinize yap\u0131yordu. Bu VB’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z programlarda da b\u00f6yledir. API kullanacaks\u0131n\u0131z diye bir \u015fart yok VB bunlar\u0131 sizin yerinize kullan\u0131r. Ancak DOS’taki programlama dillerinde oldu\u011fu gibi VB’de de programlama dilinin sundu\u011fu i\u015flemler her zaman i\u015finizi g\u00f6rmeyebilir, bu durumda Windows API’lerini kullanma ihtiyac\u0131 duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Basic herhalde b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n en yava\u015f programlar \u00fcreten dili olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini kimseye kapt\u0131rmak istemiyor. Quick Basicte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir program, ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapan C ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f programdan en az 5 kat daha yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu fark GWBasic’te daha da b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. VB’de de durumun i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmek \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7. Programlar\u0131n\u0131zda API kullanman\u0131z bu h\u0131z barajlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca VB’nin sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 i\u015flemler i\u00e7in de API kullanmak gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin sistemdeki bo\u015f bellek miktar\u0131n\u0131 verecek herhangi bir komut VB’de bulunmaz bunu da yine API kullanarak \u00f6\u011frenmek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Windows’un sundu\u011fu bu API’ler grupland\u0131r\u0131larak bir \u00e7ok DLL ve EXE dosyas\u0131na konmu\u015ftur. VB’de kullan\u0131lan OCX dosyalar\u0131nda da API’ler bulunabilir. Bu API’lerden birini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda API’nin bulundu\u011fu DLL sisteme daha \u00f6nce y\u00fcklenmemi\u015fse \u00f6nce bu DLL y\u00fcklenir ve API \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Program\u0131n\u0131zda API kullanmak i\u00e7in Declare deyimiyle API’yi tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z gerekir. Bu tan\u0131mdan sonra tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z API’ye bir fonksiyon veya bir altprogram gibi ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

VB’de API Tan\u0131m\u0131
<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

VB’de API’ler iki \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanabilir. Fonksiyon veya altprogram olarak. Fonksiyon olarak tan\u0131mlanan API’lerden geriye bir de\u011fer d\u00f6nerken, altprogram olarak tan\u0131mlananlardan bir de\u011fer geri d\u00f6nmez.

Alt program olarak API tan\u0131m\u0131:

Private\/Public Declare Sub isim Lib “libname” [([parametreler])] <\/span><\/em>

Fonksiyon program olarak API tan\u0131m\u0131:

Private\/Public Declare Function isim Lib libname [([parametreler])] [As tip]<\/span> <\/em>

Burada isim fonksiyonun ismidir ve programda API bu isimle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Libname kullan\u0131lan k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin ismi, parametreler; fonksiyona giren parametreler, As tip; fonksiyondan d\u00f6nen de\u011ferin tipidir.

API’nin tan\u0131mlanaca\u011f\u0131 yer formun veya mod\u00fcl\u00fcn General-Declerations k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. API’yi bir formun decleration k\u0131sm\u0131nda tan\u0131mlarsan\u0131z API’yi yaln\u0131z o formun altprogramlar\u0131ndan \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabilirsiniz. Bir mod\u00fclde tan\u0131mlarsan\u0131z program\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n her yerinde kullanabilirsiniz.

API’yi do\u011fru olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z halde VB, ilgili dosyada b\u00f6yle bir API bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa veya API ile ayn\u0131 isme sahip bir VB komutu var ise bu durumda Alias isimleri kullanman\u0131z gerekir.

Private\/Public Declare Function\/Sub isim Lib libname Alias “isim” [([parametreler])] [As tip]<\/span> <\/em>

API’yi do\u011fru olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z halde VB, ilgili dosyada b\u00f6yle bir API bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa API isminin sonuna A ekleyerek Alias ismi olarak vermeniz gerekir. Bunun sebebi Windows i\u015fletim sisitemi farkl\u0131 dilleri desteklemektedir. ANSI karakter setini destekleyen \u00fclkler i\u00e7in sonuna A harfi, UniCode veya iki karekter geni\u015fli\u011fini kullanan \u00fclke seti i\u00e7in ise sonuna W harfi eklemeniz gerekir.

API tan\u0131m\u0131 yaparken kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tiplerin isimlerini ise C’den VB’ye \u00e7evirmeniz gerekir. Genel olarak tip kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/td>\n\n

C <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Visual Basic <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

atom<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken AS integer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

bool<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

byte<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Byte<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

char<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Byte<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

colorref<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

dword<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

hwnd,hdc,hmenu vb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

int,uint<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

lparam<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

lpdword<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

lpint,lpuint<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Iprect<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

de\u011fi\u015fken As type<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ipstr,Ipcstr<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As String<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ipvoid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

de\u011fi\u015fken As Any<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

lpword<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

de\u011fi\u015fken As Integer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

lresult<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

null<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

de\u011fi\u015fken As Any veya ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

short<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Integer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

void<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Sub procedure<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

word<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Integer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

wparam<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16 bit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Integer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32 bit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Long<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

float<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Single<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

double<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ByVal de\u011fi\u015fken As Double<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Burada isim fonksiyonun ismidir ve programda API bu isimle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Libname kullan\u0131lan k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin ismi, parametreler; fonksiyona giren parametreler, As tip; fonksiyondan d\u00f6nen de\u011ferin tipidir.<\/p>\n

API’nin tan\u0131mlanaca\u011f\u0131 yer formun veya mod\u00fcl\u00fcn General-Declerations k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. API’yi bir formun decleration k\u0131sm\u0131nda tan\u0131mlarsan\u0131z API’yi yaln\u0131z o formun altprogramlar\u0131ndan \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabilirsiniz. Bir mod\u00fclde tan\u0131mlarsan\u0131z program\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n her yerinde kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

API’yi do\u011fru olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z halde VB, ilgili dosyada b\u00f6yle bir API bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa veya API ile ayn\u0131 isme sahip bir VB komutu var ise bu durumda Alias isimleri kullanman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n

Private\/Public Declare Function\/Sub isim Lib libname Alias “isim” [([parametreler])] [As tip]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

API’yi do\u011fru olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z halde VB, ilgili dosyada b\u00f6yle bir API bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa API isminin sonuna A ekleyerek Alias ismi olarak vermeniz gerekir. Bunun sebebi Windows i\u015fletim sisitemi farkl\u0131 dilleri desteklemektedir. ANSI karakter setini destekleyen \u00fclkler i\u00e7in sonuna A harfi, UniCode veya iki karekter geni\u015fli\u011fini kullanan \u00fclke seti i\u00e7in ise sonuna W harfi eklemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n

API tan\u0131m\u0131 yaparken kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tiplerin isimlerini ise C’den VB’ye \u00e7evirmeniz gerekir. Genel olarak tip kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n


Parametrelerden biri iki farkl\u0131 tipte de\u011fer alabiliyorsa bunu As Any olarak tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z gerekir. Hangi parametrenin Any olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ancak dosyadaki bilgileri okuyarak anlayabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir parametre hem string i\u00e7erebiliyor ve hemde Null i\u00e7erebiliyorsa bu parametre Any olarak tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flere g\u00f6re API’lerin bulunduklar\u0131 dosyalar ise \u015funlard\u0131r :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/td>\n\n

DLL <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Fonksiyonlar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Advapi32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u015eifre ve Kay\u0131t dosyas\u0131 i\u015flemleri gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00e7ok API’ler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Comdlg32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Diyalog pencereleri ile ilgili API’ler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gdi32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Grafik API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kernel32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00c7ekirdek Windows API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Lz32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32 bit sk\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mpr.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Multiple Provider Router API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Netapi32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32-bit Network API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Shell32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32-bit Shell API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

User32.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131 arabirimi API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Version.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Versiyon i\u015flemleri API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Winmm.dll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Multimedia API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Winspool.drv<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Print spooler API’leri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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