{"id":412,"date":"2016-04-24T22:09:24","date_gmt":"2016-04-24T19:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fethimurat.com\/blog\/?p=412"},"modified":"2018-01-22T22:53:25","modified_gmt":"2018-01-22T19:53:25","slug":"412-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fethimurat.com\/blog\/412-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Veri yedekleme t\u00fcrleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yedekleme Nedir ?<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u201cYedekleme\u201d, en genel anlam\u0131yla, bir bilgisayar sistemini i\u015flevsel k\u0131lan\u00a0temel birimlerin, \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u00a0yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u00a0ve depolanan verilerin, ariza, hata, hasar durumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0ve \/ veya verilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fclemez bi\u00e7iminde kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0engellemek amac\u0131yla\u00a0birden fazla kopya halinde bulundurulmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0sa\u011flayan\u00a0i\u015flemler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Veri Yedekleme T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir?<\/span><\/strong>
\n Veri yedekleme temel olarak tam yedekleme (full) , fark yedekleme (Differential) ve artan yedekleme (incremental) olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Tam yedekleme:<\/strong> Tam yedekleme, yede\u011fi al\u0131nmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgilerin bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131n yedekleme medyas\u0131na kaydedildi\u011fi bir yedekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tam yedeklemede orijinal verinin birebir kopyas\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yedekleme medyas\u0131nda orijinal verinin boyutu kadar yer kaplamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imi yedek alma s\u00fcresini uzatmakta ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan yedekleme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yedekleme donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011fu, yedeklenecek veri boyutunun \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu veya verinin s\u0131k yedeklenmesi gereken ortamlarda yedekleme i\u015flerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tam yedek olarak belirlenmesi her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer yandan, tam yedekleme bilginin geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclme ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda orijinal verinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden ba\u015fka yedekleme i\u015flerine ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan kullan\u0131labilecek bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Tam yedekleme di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn yedekleme t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

2. Fark yedekleme:<\/strong> Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olarak sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en son tam yede\u011fe g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yedeklenmesidir. Sadece en son al\u0131nan tam yede\u011fe g\u00f6re fark\u0131n yedeklenmesi nedeni ile tam yedeklemeye g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ve yedekleme medyas\u0131 \u00fczerinde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck alan i\u015fgal etmektedir. Fark yedeklemede her zaman en son tam yede\u011fe g\u00f6re fark al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yedeklenen veri miktar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli artmaktad\u0131r. Belirli aral\u0131klarla tam yedek al\u0131nmas\u0131 fark yedeklemesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yedeklenecek veri miktar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektedir. Verinin geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011finde fark yede\u011fe ek olarak tam yede\u011fe de ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme s\u0131ras\u0131nda iki yede\u011finde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeni ile tam yede\u011fe g\u00f6re daha yava\u015f bir yedekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/span><\/p>\n

3. Artan yedekleme:<\/strong> Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olarak sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en son yede\u011fe g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen bilgilerin yedeklenmesidir. En son yede\u011fin tam, fark veya artan olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi yoktur. Sadece en son de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yedeklenmesi nedeni ile yedekleme i\u015finin tamamlanma s\u00fcresi k\u0131sad\u0131r. Yedekten geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u015flemi gerekti\u011finde tam yedek ve arada al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn artan yedeklere ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu sebeple d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme h\u0131z\u0131na sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok yedekleme i\u015finde al\u0131nan verilerden geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Her yedekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn avantaj ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Tam yedekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek iken yedekleme h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve her yedekleme i\u015fi i\u00e7in orijinal veri alan\u0131 kadar yer ay\u0131rmak gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple yedekleme i\u015flerinin tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in tam yedekleme yapmak her zaman tercih edilen bir y\u00f6ntem de\u011fildir. \u00d6b\u00fcr yandan artan\u00a0yedekleme \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesine ra\u011fmen verinin geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da yedekleme i\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr nedenlerle yedekleme i\u015flerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu se\u00e7enekler genellikle beraber kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hafta sonu tam yedek, hafta i\u00e7i fark yedek ve mesai saatleri i\u00e7erisinde artan yedek almak beraber kullan\u0131ma \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"yedeklemeturleri\"
\n\"yedeklemekarsilastirmasi\"
\nVeri Yedekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri Nelerdir?<\/span><\/strong>
\n Veri yedekleme y\u00f6ntemleri tek sunucu ve merkezi yedekleme olarak temel iki kategoriye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Tek Sunucu Yedekleme:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Bu yedekleme y\u00f6nteminde her sunucunun ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yede\u011fi al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Sunucular \u00fczerinde bulunan veri yine sunucular \u00fczerinde bulunan yedekleme s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile yedeklenmektedir. Sunucular \u00fczerinde genellikle DAT, AIT veya DVD yaz\u0131c\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yedekleme i\u015flerinin takibi ve yedekleme i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lan yedekleme medyalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi zordur. Sunucular\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yedeklenmesi sunucu say\u0131s\u0131 fazla olan ortamlarda uygulanmas\u0131 zor bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu sebeplerle veri merkezlerinde s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmayan bir yedekleme y\u00f6ntemidir. Baz\u0131 sunucularda tek d\u00fc\u011fmeye basarak i\u015fletim sistemi kurtarma \u00f6zelli\u011finden faydalanabilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"merkeziyedekleme3\"<\/p>\n

2. Merkezi Yedekleme :<\/strong>\u00a0Merkezi yedekleme yerel alan a\u011f\u0131 ve depolama alan a\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden yedekleme olarak iki<\/span>
\nba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelenecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1\u00a0Yerel Alan A\u011f\u0131 \u00dczerinden Merkezi Yedekleme :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Yerel alan a\u011f\u0131 (LAN) \u00fczerinden merkezi yedekleme altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u015fekilde\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bu\u00a0yap\u0131da teyp k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi bir yedekleme sunucusuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yedekleme sunucusu \u00fczerinde\u00a0yedekleme yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kuruludur ve yedekleme i\u015flerinin merkezi olarak y\u00f6netimini\u00a0ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Yedekleme yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 genellikle ajan tabanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yede\u011fi al\u0131nacak\u00a0sunucular \u00fczerine kurulan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck uygulama par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile veri a\u011f \u00fczerinden yedekleme\u00a0sunucusuna ve oradan da teyp k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan yedekleme kartu\u015flar\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr\u00a0bir yap\u0131da verinin tamam\u0131 bilgisayar haberle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lan yerel alan a\u011f\u0131ndan(LAN) akmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek miktarlarda veri yedeklemesi yap\u0131lmak istendi\u011finde yerel alan\u00a0a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yoran bir yedekleme t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span>\"merkeziyedekleme1\"
\n2.2 Depolama Alan A\u011f\u0131 \u00dczerinden Merkezi Yedekleme: \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Kurumsal yedekleme alt yap\u0131s\u0131 depolama alan a\u011f\u0131 (SAN) ismi verilen bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden\u00a0ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Depolama alan a\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek miktarlarda veri depolama kapasitesine\u00a0ihtiya\u00e7 duyan ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik gereken ortamlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131da teyp\u00a0k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi de depolama alan a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Yedekleme sunucusu d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere\u00a0a\u011fda bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn sunucular teyp k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ile haberle\u015febilmektedir. Yedekleme\u00a0<\/span>sunucusunun g\u00f6revi klasik yedekleme altyap\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi yedekleme i\u015flerinin\u00a0y\u00f6netimidir. Bir yedekleme i\u015finin ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ajanlar ile gereken haberle\u015fmeyi yapar. Veri,\u00a0yede\u011fi al\u0131nan sunucu \u00fczerinden teyp k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye akar ve\u00a0<\/span>s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc\u00a0i\u00e7erisinde bulunan kartu\u015fa yazma i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Yazma i\u015finin ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce ilgili\u00a0kartu\u015fun s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirilmesi, yedekleme sonras\u0131nda ilgili yuvaya geri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131,\u00a0<\/span>yedekleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek hatalar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi i\u015flerini yedekleme yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u00a0ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.
\n\"merkeziyedekleme2\"
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Yedekleme i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir yol izlenmelidir?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Yedekleme zaman\u0131 belirlenmeli ve yedekleme otomatik olarak programlar vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131. Hi\u00e7 bir zaman ki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek (<1 saat), y\u00fcksek (< 4 saat ), orta (< 1 g\u00fcn), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ( < 1\u00a0hafta), \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck (< 1 ay).<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Yedeklerin zarar g\u00f6rmemesi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Yedekleme ve geri y\u00fckleme testleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Nelerin yedeklenmesi gerekti\u011fi uzman personeller taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmelidir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Kabul edilir veri kayb\u0131 s\u00fcresi y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Yedekleme i\u015flemlerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yedekleme politikas\u0131na uygun olarak bir\u00a0yedekleme plan\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Yedekleme i\u015flerine ait kay\u0131tlar tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan yedekleme i\u015fleri takip edilmeli\u00a0ve yede\u011fi al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f verinin yede\u011fi al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Yedekleme medyalar\u0131 etiketlenmelidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kaynaklar:<\/span><\/strong>
    \n1.\u00a0Ulusal Elektronik Ve Kriptoloji\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0Dok\u00fcman Kodu: Bgys-0010<\/span>
    \n2. Http:\/\/www.akyolbilisim.com.tr\/<\/span>
    \n3. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmpark<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yedekleme Nedir ? \u201cYedekleme\u201d, en genel anlam\u0131yla, bir bilgisayar sistemini i\u015flevsel k\u0131lan\u00a0temel birimlerin, \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u00a0yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u00a0ve depolanan verilerin, ariza, hata, hasar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[118,55,117,120,56,116,119,115,113,121,114],"class_list":["post-412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veritabani-uzmanligi","tag-artan-yedekleme","tag-backup","tag-fark-yedekleme","tag-merkezi-yedekleme","tag-restore","tag-tam-yedekleme","tag-tek-sunuculu-yedekleme","tag-veri-yedekleme-turleri","tag-yedekleme","tag-yedekleme-icin-nasil-bir-yol-izlenmelidir","tag-yedekleme-nedir","comments-off"],"yoast_head":"\nVeri yedekleme t\u00fcrleri | F.Murat 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